Group names and membership are stored in /etc/group file and you can use a program like sed, awk, or cut to extract all the group names.
Example:
List all group names along with group members:
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## list all group names along with membership cat /etc/group |
List all available group names in Linux:
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## list only group names cut -d: -f1 /etc/group |
List all available user names in Linux:
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## list only user names cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd |