How To Execute A Command Using AWS SSM Run Command
Hello Everyone
Welcome to CloudAffaire and this is Debjeet.
In the last blog post, we have discussed AWS SSM documents and how to create one.
https://cloudaffaire.com/how-to-create-an-aws-system-manager-ssm-document/
In this blog post, we will discuss how to execute a command using AWS SSM Run Command.
What Is Run Command In AWS System Manager (SSM):
AWS Systems Manager Run Command lets you remotely and securely manage the configuration of your managed instances. A managed instance is any EC2 instance or on-premises machine in your hybrid environment that has been configured for Systems Manager. Run Command enables you to automate common administrative tasks and perform ad hoc configuration changes at scale. You can use Run Command from the AWS console, the AWS Command Line Interface, AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell, or the AWS SDKs. Run Command is offered at no additional cost.
Administrators use Run Command to perform the following types of tasks on their managed instances: install or bootstrap applications, build a deployment pipeline, capture log files when an instance is terminated from an Auto Scaling group, and join instances to a Windows domain, to name a few.
How To Execute A Command Using AWS SSM Run Command:
Requirements:
AWS CLI installed and configured. You can follow the below blog post to install and configure AWS CLI.
https://cloudaffaire.com/how-to-install-aws-cli/
https://cloudaffaire.com/how-to-configure-aws-cli/
Step 1: Create an EC2 SSM Managed Instance.
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######################################################## ## How To Execute A Command Using AWS SSM Run Command ## ######################################################## ## I am using a Linux system to execute AWS CLI commands. ## -------------------------------------- ## Create An AWS EC2 SSM Managed Instance ## -------------------------------------- ## Create a directory for this demo mkdir ssmdemo && cd ssmdemo ## Create a VPC AWS_VPC_ID=$(aws ec2 create-vpc \ --cidr-block 10.0.0.0/16 \ --query 'Vpc.{VpcId:VpcId}' \ --output text) ## Enable DNS hostname for your VPC aws ec2 modify-vpc-attribute \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID \ --enable-dns-hostnames "{\"Value\":true}" ## Create a public subnet AWS_SUBNET_PUBLIC_ID=$(aws ec2 create-subnet \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID --cidr-block 10.0.1.0/24 \ --availability-zone ap-south-1a --query 'Subnet.{SubnetId:SubnetId}' \ --output text) ## Enable Auto-assign Public IP on Public Subnet aws ec2 modify-subnet-attribute \ --subnet-id $AWS_SUBNET_PUBLIC_ID \ --map-public-ip-on-launch ## Create an Internet Gateway AWS_INTERNET_GATEWAY_ID=$(aws ec2 create-internet-gateway \ --query 'InternetGateway.{InternetGatewayId:InternetGatewayId}' \ --output text) ## Attach Internet gateway to your VPC aws ec2 attach-internet-gateway \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID \ --internet-gateway-id $AWS_INTERNET_GATEWAY_ID ## Create a route table AWS_CUSTOM_ROUTE_TABLE_ID=$(aws ec2 create-route-table \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID \ --query 'RouteTable.{RouteTableId:RouteTableId}' \ --output text ) ## Create route to Internet Gateway aws ec2 create-route \ --route-table-id $AWS_CUSTOM_ROUTE_TABLE_ID \ --destination-cidr-block 0.0.0.0/0 \ --gateway-id $AWS_INTERNET_GATEWAY_ID ## Associate the public subnet with route table AWS_ROUTE_TABLE_ASSOID=$(aws ec2 associate-route-table \ --subnet-id $AWS_SUBNET_PUBLIC_ID \ --route-table-id $AWS_CUSTOM_ROUTE_TABLE_ID \ --output text) ## Create a security group aws ec2 create-security-group \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID \ --group-name myvpc-security-group \ --description 'My VPC non default security group' ## Get security group ID's AWS_DEFAULT_SECURITY_GROUP_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-security-groups \ --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=$AWS_VPC_ID" \ --query 'SecurityGroups[?GroupName == `default`].GroupId' \ --output text) && AWS_CUSTOM_SECURITY_GROUP_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-security-groups \ --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=$AWS_VPC_ID" \ --query 'SecurityGroups[?GroupName == `myvpc-security-group`].GroupId' \ --output text) ## Create security group ingress rules aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \ --group-id $AWS_CUSTOM_SECURITY_GROUP_ID \ --ip-permissions '[{"IpProtocol": "tcp", "FromPort": 22, "ToPort": 22, "IpRanges": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0", "Description": "Allow SSH"}]}]' && aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \ --group-id $AWS_CUSTOM_SECURITY_GROUP_ID \ --ip-permissions '[{"IpProtocol": "tcp", "FromPort": 80, "ToPort": 80, "IpRanges": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0", "Description": "Allow HTTP"}]}]' ## Get Amazon Linux 2 latest AMI ID AWS_AMI_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-images \ --owners 'amazon' \ --filters 'Name=name,Values=amzn2-ami-hvm-2.0.????????-x86_64-gp2' 'Name=state,Values=available' \ --query 'sort_by(Images, &CreationDate)[-1].[ImageId]' \ --output 'text') ## Create a key-pair aws ec2 create-key-pair \ --key-name myvpc-keypair \ --query 'KeyMaterial' \ --output text > myvpc-keypair.pem ## Create user data for your EC2 instance cat < #!/bin/bash sudo yum update -y sudo systemctl enable amazon-ssm-agent sudo systemctl start amazon-ssm-agent sudo systemctl status amazon-ssm-agent EOF ## Create an EC2 instance AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID=$(aws ec2 run-instances \ --image-id $AWS_AMI_ID \ --instance-type t2.micro \ --key-name myvpc-keypair \ --monitoring "Enabled=false" \ --security-group-ids $AWS_CUSTOM_SECURITY_GROUP_ID \ --subnet-id $AWS_SUBNET_PUBLIC_ID \ --user-data file://myuserdata.txt \ --private-ip-address 10.0.1.10 \ --query 'Instances[0].InstanceId' \ --output text) ## Create an Instance profile for SSM aws iam create-instance-profile \ --instance-profile-name "AmazonSSMInstanceProfileForInstances" ## Create a trust relation json file cat < { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com" }, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole" } ] } EOF ## Create an IAM role for SSM aws iam create-role \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" \ --assume-role-policy-document file://trust_policy.json ## Attach the required policy for SSM aws iam attach-role-policy \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" \ --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore" ## Add the role to the instance profile aws iam add-role-to-instance-profile \ --instance-profile-name "AmazonSSMInstanceProfileForInstances" \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" ## Attach the Instance Profile to the EC2 instance aws ec2 associate-iam-instance-profile \ --instance-id "$AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID" \ --iam-instance-profile "Name=AmazonSSMInstanceProfileForInstances" ## Add a tag to the ec2 instance aws ec2 create-tags \ --resources $AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID \ --tags "Key=Name,Value=MYAPP" |
Step 2: Create a new SSM document to execute a command through SSM Run Command.
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## --------------------- ## Create A SSM Document ## --------------------- ## Create a document content file cat < --- schemaVersion: '2.2' description: aws:runShellScript parameters: commands: type: StringList description: "(Required) The commands to run or the path to an existing script on the instance." minItems: 1 mainSteps: - action: aws:runShellScript name: runShellScript inputs: timeoutSeconds: '60' runCommand: - "{{ commands }}" EOF ## Create a custom SSM document aws ssm create-document \ --content file://documentContent.json \ --name "my-custom-ssm-doc" \ --document-type "Command" \ --document-format "YAML" \ --tags "Key=Name,Value=MYAPP" |
Note: You can also use the default AWS provided ‘AWS-RunShellScript’ to execute the command instead of creating a custom document of your own.
Step 3: Execute a command using SSM Run Command.
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## --------------------------------------- ## Execute A Command Using SSM Run Command ## --------------------------------------- ## Check if instance is ready to execute your command aws ssm describe-instance-information \ --output text --query "InstanceInformationList[*]" ## Execute a command throuh SSM Run Command custom document my-custom-ssm-doc AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID=$(aws ssm send-command \ --target "Key=tag:Name,Values=MYAPP" \ --document-name "my-custom-ssm-doc" \ --comment "Executed Through SSM Run Command" \ --parameters "commands=echo Hello World" \ --query 'Command.{CommandId:CommandId}' \ --output text) ## List command executed using SSM Run Command aws ssm list-commands \ --command-id "$AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID" ## Get detailed information about command execution aws ssm list-command-invocations \ --command-id $AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID \ --details ## Get the details of a command invocation aws ssm get-command-invocation \ --command-id "$AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID" \ --instance-id "$AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID" |
Step 4: Execute a script through SSM Run Command.
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## -------------------------------------- ## Execute A Script Using SSM Run Command ## -------------------------------------- ## Create your script in JSON format cat < { "Parameters": { "commands": [ "#!/bin/bash", "sudo yum install docker -y" ] } } EOF ## Execute a script throuh SSM Run Command default AWS-RunShellScript document AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID=$(aws ssm send-command \ --target "Key=tag:Name,Values=MYAPP" \ --document-name "AWS-RunShellScript" \ --cli-input-json file://myScript.json \ --query 'Command.{CommandId:CommandId}' \ --output text) ## List command executed using SSM Run Command aws ssm list-commands \ --command-id "$AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID" ## Get detailed information about command execution aws ssm list-command-invocations \ --command-id $AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID \ --details ## Get the details of a command invocation aws ssm get-command-invocation \ --command-id "$AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID" \ --instance-id "$AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID" |
Step 5: Cleanup.
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## ------- ## Cleanup ## ------- ## Delete the SSM document aws ssm delete-document \ --name "my-custom-ssm-doc" ## Terminate the ec2 instance aws ec2 terminate-instances \ --instance-ids $AWS_EC2_INSTANCE_ID && rm -f myuserdata.txt ## wait for some time sleep 30 ## Delete key pair aws ec2 delete-key-pair \ --key-name myvpc-keypair && rm -f myvpc-keypair.pem ## Delete custom security group aws ec2 delete-security-group \ --group-id $AWS_CUSTOM_SECURITY_GROUP_ID ## Delete internet gateway aws ec2 detach-internet-gateway \ --internet-gateway-id $AWS_INTERNET_GATEWAY_ID \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID && aws ec2 delete-internet-gateway \ --internet-gateway-id $AWS_INTERNET_GATEWAY_ID ## Delete the custom route table aws ec2 disassociate-route-table \ --association-id $AWS_ROUTE_TABLE_ASSOID && aws ec2 delete-route-table \ --route-table-id $AWS_CUSTOM_ROUTE_TABLE_ID ## Delete the public subnet aws ec2 delete-subnet \ --subnet-id $AWS_SUBNET_PUBLIC_ID ## Delete the vpc aws ec2 delete-vpc \ --vpc-id $AWS_VPC_ID ## Remove the IAM role from Instance Profile aws iam remove-role-from-instance-profile \ --instance-profile-name "AmazonSSMInstanceProfileForInstances" \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" ## Dettach policy from the role aws iam detach-role-policy \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" \ --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore" ## Delete the IAM role aws iam delete-role \ --role-name "AmazonSSMRoleForInstances" ## Delete the IAM Instance Profile aws iam delete-instance-profile \ --instance-profile-name "AmazonSSMInstanceProfileForInstances" ## Delete the directory created for this demo cd .. && rm -rf ssmdemo |
Hope you have enjoyed this blog post, to get more details on AWS SSM, please refer below AWS documentation
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/index.html
Thanks for the write up. Perhaps a correction needed – RHS of AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID actually returns a multi-line text output.. The 1st row 2nd column has the ID output – So this needs to be extracted and set.
echo $AWS_SSM_RUN_COMMAND_ID | grep -i -w COMMAND | awk '{print $2}'